Professor Bouzid expressed in this respect, its desire to extend this type of project in other cities, and called for strengthening these services in terms of numbers “with a minimum of three doctors per service for better care for patients. Also on the 4th Forum Post ASCO, he said that this meeting comes just after the holding of the annual convention of the American Society of Oncology (ASCO) held recently in Chicago, and attended by Algerian specialists. “This is the opportunity for Algerian specialists who participated to make a synthesis of innovations and new processing techniques and present them to give them in Algeria in order to progress in treatment and care people with cancer, “noted Professor Bouzid. This 4th edition of the Forum brings together all professionals involved with the management of cancer in Algeria (oncologists, surgeons, internists, radiation oncologists, pulmonologists, pathologists, etc..). It revolves around the plans of new diagnostic and medical care and surgery for cancer of the head and neck, breast and lung and colorectal cancers.

The treatment for leukemia will vary depending on the following factors:

* Type of leukemia and specific characteristics of leukemia cells
* Extent of disease
* Prior to whether the disease has been treated, if such type of treatment
* Age of the people and general health condition
* Nature of symptoms

Leukemia can be treated either as follows:

* Chemotherapy – helps to kill leukemia cells using strong anti-cancer drugs
* Interferon therapy – to slow the reproduction of leukemia cells and enhance the immune system
* Radiation therapy – high amounts of radiation energy is used to kill cancer cells
* Transplantation stem cell (SCT) – is done to allow treatment with high dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy
* Surgery – is done mainly in two cases, for the removal of an enlarged spleen or for the purpose of installing a venous access device (removing blood samples and giving medications)

The chances of recovery from leukemia are improving by the day, scientists and medical professionals are constantly striving to find new and more effective ways to treat this disease.

* Frequent infections, fever, cold chills (or any other flu-like signs)
* Fatigue
* Malaise (bodily discomfort experienced)
* Excessive bruising and abnormal bleeding
* Frequent pain in bones and joints
* Loss of appetite, abdominal pain
* Weight Loss
* Node Tender or swollen lymph, liver, or spleen
* Pain in bones and joints
* Leukemia spreading to the brain can cause various disorders such as headaches, seizures, weakness, blurred vision, inability to balance, vomiting, etc.
* Shortness of breath, frequent coughing and very long, of suffocation, etc, could be caused if the leukemia T-cell (a type of lymphocytic leukemia)

How to diagnose leukemia?

There are many ways to diagnose leukemia. If a physician has some reason to suspect leukemia in one patient the diagnosis of the disease may be as follows:

Your doctor will ask medical history and conduct a through physical examination to check general health and also to verify or leukemia symptoms such as swelling in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, groin and neck. Blood tests are effective ways to diagnose the disease but does not help you find the type of leukemia. The full account of blood and blood account of the differential helps to establish the number of different blood cells and the relative proportion of cells from the blood into the bloodstream.

A hematologist, oncologist or pathologist can identify the type of leukemia a person has for bone marrow aspiration (drawing marrow of patients using needle and examined under a microscope). A bone marrow biopsy can be performed later. Farther other tests such as spinal tap (lumbar puncture), chest X-rays, etc., also help diagnose the disease.

Major Types of Leukemia

Depending on the type of cells involved, the leukemia is categorized as Myelogenous leukemia and lymphocytic leukemia. Each has both acute and chronic stages. The main types of leukemia are:

* Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
* Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
* Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
* Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Acute lymphocytic leukemia is increasingly seen among children while acute Myelogenous leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are more common among adults.

Acute leukemia progresses rapidly especially among unformed or primitive cells that make blood cells incapable of performing normal functions. Chronic leukemia progresses otherwise permit a slower growth of a comparatively larger number of developed cells that can function normally.

What causes leukemia?

The exact cause of leukemia is yet to be known and equally rigorous research is ongoing. However, few risk factors have been identified that make individuals more prone to leukemia. Take a look at a few such risk factors:

* Exposure to large amounts of radiation
* Frequent contact with certain specific chemicals (such as benzene)
* Certain types of virus are said to cause little specific leukemia (eg, leukemia T-cell)
* Leukemia can also be caused by some genetic conditions
* Smoking is considered a common risk factor
* Certain types of cancer therapy are said to cause leukemia

Close relationship between food and our health is nothing new. But now, in addition, has published a new study that concluded that the best prevention against cancer lies in eating a balanced diet (rich in fruits and vegetables) and preparing food properly.

How? Here you have the key.

Teacher Attilio Giacosa and Jaak Janssens, two big names in cancer research, prevention and explain the importance of dietary intake of fruits and vegetables play an important role in preventing oral cancer, lung, esophagus, stomach and intestines.

Are the most profitable crop? According to their study, oranges, garlic, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage and cauliflower.

But not enough to make vegetables also should prepare themselves well. Ideally, steamed or roasted and use the right tools to do so, for example, with a sharp knife to cut vegetables, you will lose less than beneficial substances. In addition, it is better to eat vegetables grown in their own garden (its properties has not exhausted) and play stations.

And to finish the play, a glass of wine at noon. Giacosa explains that moderate consumption of wine also help prevent cancer, because the wine contains the active ingredients of fruit. The goal is to take one or two drinks to food (no more), and preferably red wine to white.

The discovery of certain types of genes that promote cancer development has been a major advance in cancer research. According to observations, over 90 percent of the cancers with a certain type of genetic alteration. Some of these alterations are inherited, while others are sporadic, meaning that occur by chance or by environmental exposures (for many years in most cases). The following are the three main types of genes that can affect the growth of cells and are altered (mutated) in certain types of cancer:

* Oncogenes – these genes regulate normal cell growth. In general, scientists describe oncogenes as the “ignition key” of cancer that most people have in their bodies. The motive for this key “energized” and these oncogenes suddenly become unable to control the normal growth of cells, thus beginning to grow cancer cells abnormal.

* The tumor suppressor genes – these genes can recognize abnormal growth and reproduction of cancer cells damaged or interrupt their reproduction until the defect is corrected. However, if the mutated tumor suppressor genes and do not function properly, it is possible to grow a tumor.

* The mismatch repair genes – these genes help recognize errors when DNA is copied to produce a new cell. If the DNA does not “match” perfectly, these genes repair the mismatch and correct the error. However, when these genes do not function properly, errors in DNA can be transmitted to new cells, thus damaging them.

In general, there is strict control over the number of cells that make up the tissues of the body. Thus, new cells are produced to achieve normal growth and development and to replace cells that die. Ultimately, cancer is the loss of this balance due to genetic alterations, which cause an overgrowth of cells.

As mentioned above, certain cancers, especially in adults, have been associated with repetitive exposure to risk factors. A risk factor is anything that may increase a person’s chance of developing a disease. The risk factor does not necessarily cause the disease, but decreases the body’s resistance to it. It has been suggested that the following risk factors and mechanisms contributing to cancer:

* Factors related to lifestyle such as smoking, high fat diets and management of toxic chemicals can be risk factors for cancer in adults. However, most children with cancer are too young to have been exposed to these factors during a period of time.

* Family history and hereditary and genetic factors may play an important role in certain types of childhood cancer. It is possible that various forms of cancer are present in a family in more than one occasion. In these circumstances, it is unknown whether the disease is caused by a genetic mutation, exposure to chemicals near the home of the family, the combination of these factors or a mere coincidence.

* It is known that certain genetic disorders, among which are the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann alter the immune system. The immune system is a complex system that is responsible for protecting the body against infection and disease. Bone marrow produces cells which then mature and form part of the immune system. One theory holds that bone marrow cells, stem cells, are damaged or become defective. Consequently, when they reproduce to abnormal or cancerous cells. The cause of the defect of stem cells may be related to an inherited genetic defect or exposure to a virus or toxin.

* The increased risk of developing certain childhood cancers, among which include the non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma has been associated with exposure to certain types of viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (Epstein-Barr virus EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV) which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is possible that the virus alters a cell in some way. Therefore, this cell produces an altered cell. Over time, these alterations become a cancer cell that reproduces more cancer cells.

* Research was carried out on exposure to pesticides, fertilizers and power lines, among other environmental exposures, to see if they have a direct link to childhood cancers. It has been evidence of cancer in children from different neighborhoods or cities that have no links with each other. It is unknown whether cancer is caused by exposure to these agents during pregnancy or childhood, or is only a coincidence.

* Certain forms of radiation and chemotherapy in high doses have been linked to cancer. In some cases, ni.ños who have been exposed to these agents can develop a new cancer at a later stage of his life. These powerful anti-cancer agents can alter cells or immune system. The new cancer arises as a result of treatment of other cancer.

Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer in children are different than adult patients. The main differences are in the survival rate and cause cancer. The survival rate of children with cancer is 79 percent, while the adult is 64 percent. It is believed that this difference is that children respond better to therapy and can tolerate more aggressive therapy, so the prognosis is better.

Often, childhood cancers occur or begin in stem cells, which are simple cells capable of producing other types of specialized cells that the body needs. Normally, childhood cancer is motivated by a cell change or mutation sporadically (by chance). In adults, epithelial cells are most likely to become cancerous. These cells line the body cavity and the body surface. Cancer is caused by environmental exposures to these cells over time. For this reason, cancer in adults is called “acquired”.

Overall survival at 1 year of diagnosis is made very low (12%) and even survival at 5 years (0,4-4%), the lowest of all cancers.

Early symptoms of pancreatic cancer are usually nonspecific and are therefore often ignored by the patient and physician. Among these early nonspecific symptoms include: bloating, malaise, diarrhea, vomiting and constipation.

As the disease progresses and is already at an advanced stage the patient presents to the doctor with a painless jaundice and a history of weight loss.

The prevalence of symptoms varies according to location (head, body or tail of the pancreas) and size of the tumor growing within the pancreatic mass.

When the presence of jaundice is associated with a tumor that sits in the body or tail of the pancreas invariably coincides with a clinical presentation very late, which makes the chances of being able to remove the tumor are minimal due to the almost certain existence metastases in the liver and regional lymph nodes.

Surgical removal of the tumor and the organ that sits (whether partial or total) is the treatment that offers the greatest chance of cure, although more than 80% of patients present the physician in an evolutionary phase in which the cancerous disease is already well advanced or unresectable, which explains the very low percentage of cases in which it is possible to remove the tumor, ie the tumor is “unresectable” and, consequently, the disappointing survival rates of this malignancy.

The key to increasing the percentages of cases in which possible removal of the tumor and part of the body where it settles (pancreatoduodenectomy) or the entire pancreas (total pancreatectomy radical) lies therefore in an early diagnosis.

MADRID .- So far, some research had suggested that people who work night shifts have more cancer risk than the rest of the population. The key to this phenomenon is called circadian rhythm, our internal biological clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles. And judging by the latest results of a Spanish investigation, also plays an important role in the case of tumor cells.

This clock runs from the brain activity of all organs of our body to become more active at certain times than others. And such activity is also regulated in each cell individually, except in the case of the tumor, which appears to be ’spoiled’, according to results of a study conducted by Professor Manel Esteller.

The job of program director Epigenetics IDIBELL biomedical research institute (in Barcelona) took the cover of the latest issue of the journal Cancer Research, American Society for Cancer Research (AACR, by its initials in English) .

Working with two different types of blood cancer, leukemia and lymphoma (both cell lines and in mice), Esteller and his team have discovered that tumor cells lack a molecule responsible for regulating the rest-wake rhythm. ” That makes them wake up and be allowed to permanently stimulate the production of cancer-causing genes (oncogenes), while it blocks the production of opposites: tumor suppressor.

The molecule of the biological clock that is inactive in cancer is BMAL1 responsible for checking that certain genes are expressed rhythmically. The good news, Esteller explains in a press release, is that there are drugs on the market capable of reviving this item when it is off, so it is possible to ’switch on’ outside to return to regain control over the genes circadian.

As pointed in their conclusions, this finding could have implications when designing treatment strategies for patients, the chemotherapy at the time of day best suited for that malignant cells are more responsive (chronotherapy). However, the next step should be to confirm their results in larger trials with patients.