Medical Health Care Advices

The natural shield available to our body against external aggressions, such as the skin, clearly reflects our health, our customs and daily habits and even our mood, so much to accelerate or delay our aging.

This element is constantly being updated and, paradoxically, begins to age from the moment of our birth. In this process, the genetic individual is decisive, although other factors such as environmental impact significantly on it. Lifestyle also plays an important role in this regard, he noted the extremely negative action that develop habits such as snuff, alcohol, physical inactivity or lack of sleep at night.

Erroneously exists a blind belief in artificial cosmetics as the only method of mitigating the effects on the skin and leave an indelible mark over the years and aggressive lifestyles. However, practice routines and healthy habits can keep your skin healthy and we forget too easily.

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Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (affecting the heart and blood vessels). Therefore, your doctor may have made the following recommendations:
* Monitor cholesterol levels and treat them if they are high (it may be that your target rates are lower than for people without diabetes);
* Taking drugs against heart conditions (ACE inhibitors or antagonists, angiotensin) to protect your arteries;
* Are taking aspirin low dose every day – with your doctor determine if you should AAS;
* Monitor yourblood pressure and treat it if it is high (your target blood pressure is probably lower than for people without diabetes).

What can you do to help control your blood pressure?

Ask your doctor about your blood pressure target. Monitor your blood pressure regularly as recommended by the doctor. Many pharmacies sell blood pressure monitors that you can easily use at home. If you find that your blood pressure numbers are higher than normal, tell your doctor. There would need to adopt some changes in lifestyle (see below) or take medication (or combination of drugs) to lower your blood pressure.

Some measures that help control your blood pressure:

* Follow a diet low in fat and salt (eg. The DASH diet);
* Exercise regularly;
* Maintain a healthy weight;
* Reduce your consumption of alcohol;
* Try to give up smoking.

Microbiology

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a lancet-shaped, Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic organism. It is typically observed in pairs (diplococci), but can also occur alone or in short chains. Some pneumococci are encapsulated, their surface is composed of complex polysaccharides. The encapsulated organisms are pathogenic for humans and animals, and organisms without capsular polysaccharide are not. Capsular polysaccharide form the primary basis for pathogenicity of the organism. They are the antigen and form the basis for classifying pneumococci into serotypes. Ninety serotypes have been identified based on their reaction with type specific antisera. Type-specific antibodies against the capsular polysaccharide are protective against invasive infections. Interactions between these antibodies and complement factors ensure opsonisatie of pneumococci, which phagocytosis and clearance of the organism facilitated. Antibodies against some of the capsular polysaccharide may cross-react with related serotypes, like other bacteria. This can lead to protection against a broader group than those in the pneumococcal vaccine are present.

Most serotypes of S. pneumoniae causing a serious disease, but only a few serotypes are responsible for the majority of pneumococcal infections. It is estimated that the ten most common serotypes worldwide approximately 62% of all invasive infections by pneumococcus. Prevalence and classification of the serotypes responsible vary by age and geographic region. In Belgium taking in children under five years of the seven most common serotypes isolated approximately 80% of the infections in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid on their behalf.

Pneumococci are plentiful for in the airway and may give 5% to 70% of healthy adults are isolated from the nasopharynx. The incidence of asymptomatic carriage vary with age, environment and the presence of upper respiratory infections. Only 5% to 10% of adults without children are carriers. In schools and orphanages to 27% to 58% of the students and people carriers. In barracks could be 50% to 60% of the soldiers are carriers. The duration of the carrier varies and is generally longer in children than in adults. Moreover, the ratio of carrier to the development of natural immunity is still unclear

Public health refers to both the health of a population assessed using health indicators (quantitative and qualitative, including access to care) and all collective means to care, promote health and d ‘improve the living conditions.  In primitive societies, health is generally much the individual group. It is entangled with religious beliefs and animists, and the role of healers (shaman, witches, etc) Using both the local pharmacopoeia, touch and practices related to magic, divination, or psychology.  In Europe, the organization of care remained until the nineteenth century very largely dependent on private initiatives and charities (The role of religious institutions has long been predominant, the patient support being considered as a charity ).

However, in Flanders, for example, measures of health [2] are taken by judges (equivalent of mayor) of different cities:

• Order of Bruges of 1464 requires street cleaning once or twice a week. And every day since 1632, and the obligation to clear the drains,
• Order of Lille in 1470 requires that garbage be cleared paths encircling Lille. This spot will be taken over by the city in 1668.
• The magistrate of Bruges houses demolished due to unsafe in 1485.

The cemeteries are a source of miasma and infection, Louis XVI took an edict March 10, 1776 which forbids burying in churches and chapels. From the eighteenth century, the disease gradually ceases to be regarded as inevitable and the body becomes a concern. The first movement consists of elites, then gradually extends to the whole society. Health becomes a law that states must guarantee.

The development of industrialization is a second factor that tends to explain the development of public health: one for simple criteria of productivity of workers (occupational medicine), the other for fear of riots and under the pressure from unions. Finally the First and Second World War contribute to the development of medical management of mass and the implementation of welfare policies: the birth of the concept of welfare state. After the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, public health is a global dimension with the WHO. Eco Epidemiology expands to better monitor zoonotic diseases transmissible to humans, particularly through collaboration with FAO and OIE under the auspices of the UN. Europe tends to be more important in the health field.

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Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

This definition is the preamble from 1946 to the Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO). This WHO definition has not been amended since 1946. It implies that all basic needs of the individual are met, whether emotional, health, nutritional, social and cultural rights and the stage of embryo or gametes to that of the elderly.

It presents itself as an objective rather than utopian as it may deem certain class, as the country studied, 70 to 99% of people as not healthy or sick. We may prefer that of Rene Dubos: “physical and mental state relatively free of discomfort and pain that allows the individual to function as long as possible in the environment where chance or choice has placed”, which presents health as the convergence of concepts of independence and well-being. It is a relative state. We say that a person is “healthy” or “unhealthy”.

By analogy with human health, also known as the “economic health” of a country, a company in “good health“, etc.

It is often said that Alzheimer’s disease is a disease of the whole family, because the continued anguish of witnessing how a loved one slowly deteriorate affects everyone equally. Therefore, comprehensive treatment should meet the needs of the entire family. This includes emotional support, counseling and educational programs on Alzheimer’s disease for patients and their families, who strive to provide a safe and comfortable at home.

Thanks to the information available, caregivers can learn to control undesirable behaviors, improve communication and ensure patient safety, EA. Research shows that caregivers benefit in the training and support groups, and that participation in these groups allows them more time caring for their loved ones at home. The information presented at the end of this booklet will help you find training classes and support groups.

The role of caregiver is changing over time, as they are changing patient needs EA. The following tips can help caregivers prepare for the future.

Problematic behaviors arise or anger, suspicion, overreactions, paranoia (eg family believe that stolen money or that the spouse has an affair). Wandering or vagrancy or repetition of the same questions and phrases or sunset syndrome (ie, agitation or anxiety, when evening falls) or Fear of bathing,  or hallucinations, Trouble eating,  incontinence, or Accumulation and concealment of their belongings, or Sexual Misconduct, or violent behavior

• Before you need help choosing clothes and remember to change his clothes, and now needs help with dressing
• Before that he needed to urge the grooming; now needs help with bathing, taking medication, brushing teeth and do his business, and so on.
• Increasing difficulty for verbal expression and comprehension
• Spatial problems (eg difficulties in placing dishes and silverware on the table)
• Loss of ability to read, write and keep accounts
• Loss of coordination
• You need care or supervision 24 hours a day, seven days a week
• You may sometimes not recognize family and friends

The brains of people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease differ from those of healthy elderly. In these brains are faced with plaques and tangles.

Plaques are deposits of a protein between brain cells. The protein called amyloid. For elderly and particularly in the elderly with Alzheimer’s disease does the degradation of this protein is not good. This causes a kind eiwitbergjes between the brain cells that are likely to transfer messages between the brain cells hamper.

Eventually the nerve cells are also affected. This has been evident in the presence of tangles. A tangle (knot), is a tangle of wire-like proteins in a nerve cell, which the functioning of the nerve cell impossible.

The damage to brain cells is probably because the body reacts with an inflammatory reaction in the presence of plaques. The immune system tries to defuse plaques with toxic substances. That will unfortunately not, but it affects the nerve cells, eventually to. First not function properly. And eventually they die off altogether.

Gathered under the name of climacteric. The estrogen deficiency causes first:

• Vaginal dryness and skin
• Minor psychological disorders (depression, fatigue, insomnia, decreased libido, etc)
• Hot flashes, especially with night sweats often associated
• Final Amenorrhea (cessation of blood flow)
• Asthenia with insomnia
• Accelerated loss of bone density, making up an osteoporosis
• Weight gain. Average of 3 to 15 kg

Later, the genitals (vagina, vulva, uterus) atrophy and mammary glands, with accentuation of prolapse.

All these symptoms are only disadvantages. The risks of osteoporosis (decreased bone density: fracture risk and therefore most important repair more difficult and longer; accentuated bone loss at menopause) and increased cardiovascular disease.

Weight gain is not due to menopause per se but to the significant decrease of basal metabolism which occurs at approximately the same period

Premenopause

Period encompassing the premenopausal and ending 1 year after the last menstrual period.

Estrogen and progesterone are steroid hormones that possess cell receptors located on the surface of pituitary cells in particular, and react by reverse controls to maintain the rate of ovarian hormones around a stable value. It is a period of depression that causes ovarian failure or progesterone alone or accompanied by an estrogen deficiency. In the latter case there is amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) or lower them with hot flashes by cons if there is another estrogen secretion, disorders are:

• Feeling swollen and bloated stomach, constipation
• Unstable character, insomnia at night, helping pump the afternoon, depression, anxiety, sudden mood changes and irritability for no reason.
• Headache

No breast tenderness feel constantly swollen breasts

Disorders of the menstrual cycle:

• Cycle shorter or longer or very very light flow for several days (premenopausal) to a total lack of it (menopause)
• Decreased libido
• Morning and night sweats.
• Metrorrhagia (non-flow period of supposed rules), meno-metrorrhagia