In the case of secondary amyloidosis, the goal is to treat the underlying disease. For example, treatment of tuberculosis should stop secondary amyloidosis worsens. Similarly, the control of inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis drugs could stop the inflammation associated with amyloidosis.

There is no cure for most cases of primary amyloidosis. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the disorder. Some medications such as corticosteroids, chemotherapy agents and colchicine can decrease inflammation and treat some cases of amyloidosis, but are not effective if the disease is severe or very advanced.

A bone marrow transplant could make some patients with primary amyloidosis fully recover, especially those whose amyloidosis is accompanied by a form of bone marrow cancer called multiple myeloma.

However, this procedure is not always successful. A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that destroys the patient’s bone marrow, which is often the source of amyloid proteins, and replaced with marrow from a donor. Certain forms of amyloidosis in which the liver is responsible for making proteins, may respond well to a liver transplant. New treatments are being investigated.

If patients develop severe complications of amyloidosis, such conditions should be treated. For example, if kidney failure develops, you may be required dialysis, and if heart disease becomes a problem, it is possible that heart drugs improve heart function and reduce fluid retension.

When To Call a Professional

Contact your doctor in the presence of any of these signs of amyloidosis, especially extreme fatigue, breathing problems, bloody or dark stools.

Forecast

The prognosis depends on the type of amyloidosis and their severity at diagnosis. Secondary amyloidosis caused by a chronic inflammatory condition such as infection or rheumatoid arthritis, can be stopped by treating the underlying condition. However, there is no effective therapy for most cases of amyloidosis and the disease gets worse over the months or years. The more areas of the body are affected and the more injured are the body’s organs, the lower the chances of achieving a good result.

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Perform a general examination for signs of disease that could be caused by amyloidosis. The exam may include:

* Check the joints for signs of arthritis or tendinitis
* A blood test or fecal occult endoscopic procedure through which introduces a flexible, lighted tube with a tiny camera to check the colon or stomach to detect gastrointestinal bleeding
* Examination of the heart for signs of heart failure or enlarged heart
* Evaluation of the muscles for signs of weakness
* Check the hands, feet, arms and legs for signs of fluid retention or poor sensitivity
* Mental state control to assess possible dementia

Urine will be collected to determine if there is excess protein, which is often a first sign of systemic amyloidosis. It will draw a blood sample and evaluate it for signs of abnormal blood counts, kidney or liver disease or abnormal proteins.

The only definitive test for amyloidosis is a biopsy, in which it is surgically removed and examined a small sample of tissue. Often, biopsies of the rectum or abdominal fat reveal systemic amyloidosis, which affected the whole body. If amyloidosis has accumulated in a single organ, such as the brain, it is necessary to biopsy the liver. For this reason, many types of amyloidosis are difficult to diagnose. For example, in the case of Alzheimer’s disease, is rarely performed a biopsy of brain tissue. The biopsy may damage the brain, although the results could provide a diagnosis, it is not likely to change treatment. In the case of amyloidosis diagnosed, there will be other blood tests and urine tests to detect diseases that may cause the accumulation of proteins.

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The symptoms caused by this disease depends on the degree of harm caused by protein deposits and organs of the body affected. Symptoms may include:

* fatigue
* Shortness of breath
* Chronic diarrhea, constipation or excessive gas
* vomiting
* Blood in the stool
* Weight loss
* Muscle weakness
* Joint pain
* Large tongue
* Difficulty chewing or swallowing
* rash
* Memory problems
* Nerve pain or numbness

Duration

In general, amyloidosis is a lifelong condition that can not be reversed or cured. If you are related to another disease, treatment is focused on curing the disease to prevent further damage.

Prevention

Because no one knows what causes this disease, there is no way to prevent primary amyloidosis.

Secondary amyloidosis can only be avoided by prevention or rapid treatment of inflammatory disease that can lead to amyloidosis, such as tuberculosis or rheumatoid arthritis. If rheumatoid arthritis is kept under control with medication, reduces the chance of developing amyloidosis.

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The disease causes serious problems in the affected areas, such as the heart, brain, kidneys and digestive tract. As a result, people with amyloidosis in different parts of the body can experience different physical problems:

* Brain: Dementia
* Heart: heart failure, arrhythmias, enlarged heart
* Kidneys: renal
* Nervous system: numbness, tingling or weakness
* Digestive System: gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, malabsorption of nutrients
* Blood: low blood count, easy bruising or bleeding
* Pancreas: Diabetes

The causes of amyloidosis. Amyloidosis is not a single disease may be involved different types of amyloid proteins. For example, Alzheimer’s disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (a rare cause of dementia associated with viruses that live in cattle) are two different conditions that are characterized by deposits of amyloid in the brain, but the proteins involved are different .

Amyloidosis is classified as primary or secondary. When there is no underlying disease and the main problem is caused by amyloidosis, the disorder is considered primary. When another disease, usually a chronic inflammatory condition such as tuberculosis and rheumatic disease, causes amyloidosis, the disorder is considered secondary.

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Some individuals will also experience other aura migraine symptoms such as seeing a blind spot.  It is as if you are seeing an empty, small hole in front of you which may resemble a small tunnel-like appearance.  Many migraine sufferers do admit that when they start seeing the blind spot it is a sure sign that the real migraine attack will occur in a few minutes later.

While some symptoms may be severe, some others are pretty mild.  Not all the symptoms are painful but rather uncomfortable to experience.  For example, there are times when a person will feel excessively sleepy and thus he needs to sleep for more hours than usual.  This is not a painful symptom but ironically it hinders the person from being productive since he is sleeping a lot rather than working.

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Your doctor will examine you and pay special attention to areas of the body where you have the symptoms. If you have bone pain or inflammation, your doctor may want you to have a series of plain radiographs and a bone scan. These x-rays may show an area of ??bone destruction and lytic lesion called a bone scan may show “hot spots” where the bone is injured and trying to recover. They may recommend a computerized tomography (CT) of the spinal cord or pelvis if your doctor suspects that the bone can be affected in those areas of the body.

If you have signs of liver disease, your doctor may ask for blood tests to help determine the functioning of your liver. They may recommend that you perform a chest radiograph or CT scan if you have symptoms in the liver or if your doctor suspects that your lungs are affected based on physical examination. May suggest a brain CT scan if your doctor suspects that your brain can be affected.

If your doctor suspects Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a biopsy may be recommended because this is the only study that confirms the diagnosis. In a biopsy, a small sample of tissue or bone and examined in a laboratory. In most cases, the biopsy will be taken from one body part affected by the disease, such as a piece of bone, lung, lymph node or skin. Blood tests will determine if the bone marrow is affected.

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- persistent pain and inflammation (swelling), especially in an arm or leg
- bone fracture, especially when it occurs without apparent trauma or only after a minor injury
- loss of a tooth, if the Langerhans cell histiocytosis affects the bones of the jaw
- ear infection or drainage from the ear, if the Langerhans cell histiocytosis affects the bones of the skull near the ear
- skin rash, usually in the buttocks or scalp - swollen lymph nodes (swollen glands)
- enlarged liver with or without signs of liver dysfunction (liver), as a yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) and abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (ascites).
- bulging eyes, caused by Langerhans cell histiocytosis behind the eyes
- shortness of breath and coughing when the lungs are affected
- stunted growth and excessive urination caused by hormonal abnormalities

Less common symptoms include fever, weight loss, irritability and inability to maintain weight and fitness (“stunting”).

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In Langerhans cell histiocytosis (formerly called histiocytosis X), Langerhans cells multiply abnormally. Rather than help protect body cells, these cells in large quantities, causing injury and tissue destruction, especially in the bones, lungs and liver. Although this overgrowth of cells may be such as cancer, most researchers do not consider that the Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a form of cancer.

In fact, the cells die to be normal, except that there is an abnormal amount of these cells. However, this condition appears to be an autoimmune disease in which immune system cells multiply abnormally and stimulate inflammation and damage nearby tissues.

The Langerhans cell histiocytosis can develop in only a certain area or organ, or may appear in several areas of the body and organs. In most cases, Langerhans cell histiocytosis that affects many body systems usually occurs in children younger than 2 years, while the disease in a single body region occurs in people of any age.

The cause of this disorder. However, researchers are studying the possibility of a common substance in the environment, such as a viral infection, may trigger the disease when the immune system to overreact. However, researchers have not identified even if it is an infection or substance that triggers the disease. A mysterious observation is that all people with this disease in which the lungs are involved are active smokers or have been smokers. However, even among smokers, this condition is still rare and the cigarette habit seems not to influence the disease when it affects other parts of the body and lungs. Other theories suggest that the main cause of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is an abnormal immune system.

In the U.S., Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease, affecting one in every 250,000 children and one in 1 million adults. Although it can occur at any age, is more common in children and young adults, with about 70% of cases before 17 years of age. During childhood, Langerhans cell histiocytosis reaches its peak in the first three years of life.

The Langerhans cell histiocytosis includes disorders previously considered different diseases: diffuse reticuloendotheliosis, eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schüller disease-Christian and Letterer-Siwe disease

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The patient should consult your doctor if any of the symptoms reported, especially if the fever lasts more than a couple of days. Painkillers may reduce the symptoms of fever. Any patient who refers fatigue should be treated in the emergency room.

How does the doctor make the diagnosis?

The doctor will listen to your lungs with a stethoscope (infections produce abnormal sounds). However, this exploration may be perfectly normal even though there is pneumonia.

A chest radiograph is usually confirm the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia. The doctor may also order a blood test for antibodies against mycoplasma. It is also possible the sputum to look for remains of mycoplasma DNA, but this is usually not necessary.

What is the prognosis?

The infection usually clears within a week unless it produces pneumonia, in which case it will continue for several weeks. If the patient has other diseases, the infection is less dangerous than other pneumonias, and rarely lead to greater complications.

How is mycoplasma infection?

Only if the infection causes pneumonia, was given antibiotics. In all other cases, goes away by itself within a week.

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The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes pneumonia, although infection with the organism does not necessarily entail the emergence of the disease.

What causes infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Anyone who comes into contact with respiratory secretions (eg mucus or droplets expelled by coughing) from another infected individual is at risk for mycoplasma. However, intimate contact is required to produce the transmission, so the bacteria occurs most often between members of one family, in schools and other institutions. It makes no sense to isolate an infected patient as some people carry the disease without this disorder.

Mycoplasma infections are more common in the age group between 5 and 20 years, although the disease is more severe in middle-aged adults and the elderly. Every 3 or 5 years is an epidemic.

What are the symptoms of infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

After two or three weeks after infection the following symptoms:

- Headache

- Muscle pain

- Sore throat

- Dry cough, which may last several weeks

- Slight increase in temperature, although it should be noted that sometimes the mycoplasma infection produces high fever.

In 10% of cases develops pneumonia.

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