Chilhood LeukemiaThe adult leukemia in a child is sad apierta heart because leukemia is a term that refers to a group of diseases which are very complex and different, which affects white balloons. Leukemia is a malignant disease is more common in childhood, representing approximately 30% of cancers in children.

They are classified as acute and chronic leukemia, based on the level of maturation of the neoplastic population. The acute is characterized by a severe defect in maturation, leading to an accumulation of immature cells, there is no failure in the production of white blood cells differentiated. Chronic leukemia is the contrast, defined by hyperplasia of mature elements, which tend to be relatively indolent disorders at an early stage, but then can become acute leukemia. 85% of leukemias in children are a form of lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid and 10% and 5% myeloid leukemia. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia do not arise in the pediatric series. Affect the population at a rate of 125,000 people in the age group 0 to 14 years. The risk of leukemia in a child in the first ten years is 12,880. The peak frequency is between 2 and 5 years, and few children have lymphoid leukemia 2 years and older than 10 years.

Discuss the etiology, but stood out as possible causes and effects of radiation, exposure to chemotherapy drugs, genetic factors, immunological factors and exposure to certain viruses. To better understand these diseases, are important in understanding the composition of the blood and bone marrow. Blood consists of plasma and cells suspended in plasma. The plasma is formed by water that dissolve more chemical elements: proteins such as albumin, hormones, thyroid hormone another example, for instance, the minerals iron, folic acid, for example, vitamins and antibodies, including those developed from vaccination as antibodies against poliovirus. The cells in the blood include red cells, white cells and platelets. The cells are filled with hemoglobin, a protein that picks up oxygen in the lungs and leads to tissue. Platelets are small cells that help stop bleeding, which binds to the surface of the vessel, when injured, is coming together, the closure of the bleeding site.

White blood cells called phagocytes, ie, the cell “eating” to “eat” bacteria or fungi, which help destroy, helping to cure the infection. Eosinophils and basophils are types of white blood cells involved in response to allergies. Lymphocytes: are types of white blood cells present mainly in the lymph nodes and smaller numbers in the peripheral blood, the primary function of maintaining immunity. There are three types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. All these types of cells help fight infection throughout the body. They accumulate in some areas like the neck, armpits, chest, abdomen and groin.

Lymphatic vessels are vessels that connect the nodes. Nodes contain a type of fluid that carries lymphocytes, and act as “express routes” for the transit of lymphocytes. Bone marrow is a spongy tissue that occupies the central cavity of the bones that produces the development of blood cells circulating in the blood. The process is the formation of blood cells, called hematopoese. A small group of cells, called hematopoietic stem cells, which is responsible for the production of all blood cells in the bone marrow. The hematopoietic stem cells, blood cells develop, in particular, through a process of differentiation. Lymph nodes: lymph nodes or organs are the size of a grain, bean, found in healthy children and adolescents, hematopoietic stem cells are sufficient to ensure a continuous production of blood cells.

When cells are fully mature, with the ability to function, leaving the bone marrow and migrate into the blood, where they perform their duties. The subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which can develop from primitive lymphocytes that are in various stages of development, and major subtypes discovered by testing lymphoblastic leukemia, the immunophenotype, the phenotype Immunophenotyping physical characteristics of the cells. The main ones are the subtypes B and T, so named because their cells have features similar to normal T or B lymphocytes

Because these characteristics are determined, the term may be used for T type acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia type B. Chromosomal abnormalities that the appointment is that genetic changes in the chromosomes of the blast cells can be examined as genetic quote. A change in the chromosomes, also helps in disease classification and treatment planning. Among other features are important in guiding therapy in the patient’s age and level of white blood cell count and the central nervous system involvement.