In the case of secondary amyloidosis, the goal is to treat the underlying disease. For example, treatment of tuberculosis should stop secondary amyloidosis worsens. Similarly, the control of inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis drugs could stop the inflammation associated with amyloidosis.

There is no cure for most cases of primary amyloidosis. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the disorder. Some medications such as corticosteroids, chemotherapy agents and colchicine can decrease inflammation and treat some cases of amyloidosis, but are not effective if the disease is severe or very advanced.

A bone marrow transplant could make some patients with primary amyloidosis fully recover, especially those whose amyloidosis is accompanied by a form of bone marrow cancer called multiple myeloma.

However, this procedure is not always successful. A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that destroys the patient’s bone marrow, which is often the source of amyloid proteins, and replaced with marrow from a donor. Certain forms of amyloidosis in which the liver is responsible for making proteins, may respond well to a liver transplant. New treatments are being investigated.

If patients develop severe complications of amyloidosis, such conditions should be treated. For example, if kidney failure develops, you may be required dialysis, and if heart disease becomes a problem, it is possible that heart drugs improve heart function and reduce fluid retension.

When To Call a Professional

Contact your doctor in the presence of any of these signs of amyloidosis, especially extreme fatigue, breathing problems, bloody or dark stools.

Forecast

The prognosis depends on the type of amyloidosis and their severity at diagnosis. Secondary amyloidosis caused by a chronic inflammatory condition such as infection or rheumatoid arthritis, can be stopped by treating the underlying condition. However, there is no effective therapy for most cases of amyloidosis and the disease gets worse over the months or years. The more areas of the body are affected and the more injured are the body’s organs, the lower the chances of achieving a good result.

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Perform a general examination for signs of disease that could be caused by amyloidosis. The exam may include:

* Check the joints for signs of arthritis or tendinitis
* A blood test or fecal occult endoscopic procedure through which introduces a flexible, lighted tube with a tiny camera to check the colon or stomach to detect gastrointestinal bleeding
* Examination of the heart for signs of heart failure or enlarged heart
* Evaluation of the muscles for signs of weakness
* Check the hands, feet, arms and legs for signs of fluid retention or poor sensitivity
* Mental state control to assess possible dementia

Urine will be collected to determine if there is excess protein, which is often a first sign of systemic amyloidosis. It will draw a blood sample and evaluate it for signs of abnormal blood counts, kidney or liver disease or abnormal proteins.

The only definitive test for amyloidosis is a biopsy, in which it is surgically removed and examined a small sample of tissue. Often, biopsies of the rectum or abdominal fat reveal systemic amyloidosis, which affected the whole body. If amyloidosis has accumulated in a single organ, such as the brain, it is necessary to biopsy the liver. For this reason, many types of amyloidosis are difficult to diagnose. For example, in the case of Alzheimer’s disease, is rarely performed a biopsy of brain tissue. The biopsy may damage the brain, although the results could provide a diagnosis, it is not likely to change treatment. In the case of amyloidosis diagnosed, there will be other blood tests and urine tests to detect diseases that may cause the accumulation of proteins.

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The symptoms caused by this disease depends on the degree of harm caused by protein deposits and organs of the body affected. Symptoms may include:

* fatigue
* Shortness of breath
* Chronic diarrhea, constipation or excessive gas
* vomiting
* Blood in the stool
* Weight loss
* Muscle weakness
* Joint pain
* Large tongue
* Difficulty chewing or swallowing
* rash
* Memory problems
* Nerve pain or numbness

Duration

In general, amyloidosis is a lifelong condition that can not be reversed or cured. If you are related to another disease, treatment is focused on curing the disease to prevent further damage.

Prevention

Because no one knows what causes this disease, there is no way to prevent primary amyloidosis.

Secondary amyloidosis can only be avoided by prevention or rapid treatment of inflammatory disease that can lead to amyloidosis, such as tuberculosis or rheumatoid arthritis. If rheumatoid arthritis is kept under control with medication, reduces the chance of developing amyloidosis.

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The disease causes serious problems in the affected areas, such as the heart, brain, kidneys and digestive tract. As a result, people with amyloidosis in different parts of the body can experience different physical problems:

* Brain: Dementia
* Heart: heart failure, arrhythmias, enlarged heart
* Kidneys: renal
* Nervous system: numbness, tingling or weakness
* Digestive System: gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, malabsorption of nutrients
* Blood: low blood count, easy bruising or bleeding
* Pancreas: Diabetes

The causes of amyloidosis. Amyloidosis is not a single disease may be involved different types of amyloid proteins. For example, Alzheimer’s disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (a rare cause of dementia associated with viruses that live in cattle) are two different conditions that are characterized by deposits of amyloid in the brain, but the proteins involved are different .

Amyloidosis is classified as primary or secondary. When there is no underlying disease and the main problem is caused by amyloidosis, the disorder is considered primary. When another disease, usually a chronic inflammatory condition such as tuberculosis and rheumatic disease, causes amyloidosis, the disorder is considered secondary.

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Make an appointment with your doctor if:

* Suddenly develop a bald patch on the scalp
* Your hairdresser tells you that your hair is thinning or bald areas have small
* Has lost eyebrows or eyelashes, the beard is thinning or has noticeably less hair in the armpits or pubic area.

Forecast

In more than 90% of cases, hair grows back and bald spot cover in a year, even without treatment. However, recurrences are common and most people have several episodes of this disorder in their lifetime. Just as 7% of people develop severe and long-term effects of this disease produce large areas of hair loss with little new growth.

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Some individuals will also experience other aura migraine symptoms such as seeing a blind spot.  It is as if you are seeing an empty, small hole in front of you which may resemble a small tunnel-like appearance.  Many migraine sufferers do admit that when they start seeing the blind spot it is a sure sign that the real migraine attack will occur in a few minutes later.

While some symptoms may be severe, some others are pretty mild.  Not all the symptoms are painful but rather uncomfortable to experience.  For example, there are times when a person will feel excessively sleepy and thus he needs to sleep for more hours than usual.  This is not a painful symptom but ironically it hinders the person from being productive since he is sleeping a lot rather than working.

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* Cortisone cream applied on the bald patches or cortisone solution injected into these patches to suppress the immune reaction.
* Immunotherapy using the difenilciclopropenona (also called diphencyprone DCP) or dibutyl ester escuárico (Sabda) in the scalp that can cause an allergic reaction, which could neutralize the immune cells attack.
* Topical Minoxidil (Rogaine), which can increase hair growth by accelerating the natural cycle speed of the same and increasing the diameter of the hair starting to grow.
* Anthralin (Drithocreme, Dritho-Scalp, Micanol) applied to the scalp, which causes irritation of it that can stimulate new hair growth early and can be used with minoxidil.
* Psoralen and ultraviolet A phototherapy (controlled exposure of the affected skin to ultraviolet rays)
* A short course of corticosteroids (like prednisone) by mouth, or rarely, intravenously for adult patients with extensive hair loss (important).

Treatment depends on several factors, including age (some treatments are only for adults), the amount of hair loss and their willingness to deal with any discomfort or side effects related to treatment.

If you have mild hair loss, you can choose to simply modify the hair style or use a piece of false hair to cover the baldness.

If you lose a large amount of hair on your scalp, you can choose to wear a wig or hairpiece hair piece until the treatment takes effect. If you have an obvious fall of hair on the eyebrows, you can opt for injections placed small dots of colored pigment on the eyebrow area (a procedure called dermatografía). If you have difficulty coping with change in their appearance, talk to your doctor or seek advice from a mental health professional.

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Usually, your doctor can diagnose alopecia areata based on the review of the areas where the hair falls off and your symptoms. In order to find more clues, you gently pull the hair near the edge of the bald area to determine if these hairs come out easily and seek some structural abnormality in the root or stem.

If you still have any doubt about the diagnosis, you can make a small skin biopsy to confirm the scalp. This procedure removes a portion of skin and examined in the laboratory.

Duration

In most small patches of alopecia areata, the hair grows back in 6 to 12 months. However, it is normal that the problem happens again.

Prevention

Alopecia areata can not be prevented.

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Occasionally, there is itching, tingling, tenderness or a slight burning sensation in the affected area. Some people with alopecia areata also have abnormalities on the surface of the nails, and small grooves (notches) or tiny marks, stretch marks, cracks (fissures) surface or an abnormal area of redness.

In rare and severe forms of this disorder, hair loss may involve the entire scalp or whole body, such as eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, armpit hair and pubic hair (around the genitals).

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However, in some people, the problem may last longer, become more severe and lead to total baldness (alopecia totalis) or total collapse of body hair (alopecia universalis).

The cause of this disease is probably an autoimmune reaction. This means that the immune system incorrectly attacks the body’s own cells. In the case of alopecia areata, the attacked cells found in hair follicles (the structures of the scalp from which hair grows), especially follicles within the scalp.

The genetic (inherited) may also play an important role, especially when the disorder occurs before 30 years of age. Almost 40% of those under age 30 with alopecia areata have at least one family member who has been diagnosed with the condition.

The risk of developing this disease is especially high in people with asthma, allergic rhinitis, thyroid disease, vitiligo (a condition in which patches of skin lose their color), pernicious anemia and Down syndrome.

Although at one time experts believed that stress could be a cause of alopecia areata, recent investigations have failed to demonstrate that stress is a factor.

Approximately 1 to 2% of people in the United States develop the disease at some point in their lives. In about 60% of cases, the first episode of hair loss occurs before 20 years and is followed by a regrowth of hair. However, it is common that the problem occurs again and develop bald patches at the same time as new hair grows older patches.

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