They are classified as acute and chronic leukemia, based on the level of maturation of the neoplastic population. The acute is characterized by a severe defect in maturation, leading to an accumulation of immature cells, there is no failure in the production of white blood cells differentiated.

Chronic leukemia is the contrast, defined by hyperplasia of mature elements, which tend to be relatively indolent disorders at an early stage, but then can become acute leukemia. 85% of leukemias in children are a form of lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid and 10% and 5% myeloid leukemia. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia do not arise in the pediatric series.

Affect the population at a rate of 125,000 people in the age group 0 to 14 years. The risk of leukemia in a child in the first ten years is 12,880. The peak frequency is between 2 and 5 years, and few children have lymphoid leukemia 2 years and older than 10 years.

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Tumors arising in the ovaries are, in most cases, benign but some are truly malignant, cystic or solid form, originating from cells undergoing malignant transformation and grow in a disorderly and uncontrolled can invade and destroy nearby tissues.

Ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other type of gynecologic cancer and accounts for 5% of cancer deaths among women. It is estimated that about 2% of women suffer from ovarian cancer at some point in their lives.

There are different types of ovarian tumors, depending on the cell from which they originate. In most cases, approximately 80% are derived from epithelial cells. The rest originates from cells called germ cells or reproductive and serving as a supporting structure of the organ.

Ovarian cancer, producing clinical manifestations in advanced stages, early detection is difficult. A study of the blood, which verified the levels of a tumor marker, CA-125, which in some cases it is useful to detect early. While it is important to consider that this analysis is not performed routinely but should take into account the presence of risk factors to apply.

In recent years, with the advent of transvaginal ultrasound, in which a small instrument is inserted into the vagina, has been detected in an earlier many of these tumors, to observe more closely the female sexual organs.

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Is usually treated brain cancers by a combined strategy of surgery, chemotherapy (anticancer drugs) and radiation, combined with the administration of drugs to control symptoms. It is frequently administered high doses of steroids to reduce any swelling caused by the tumor. Often this You can use anticonvulsant medications to prevent seizures.

We practice a surgery to excise the cancerous tissue more than possible. Some brain cancers are located in areas that surgeons can not reach without damaging other important parts of the brain. In these cases, it is often preferable not to operate the patient. Even when surgery can not completely excise the tumor, it allows to reduce the size and relieve symptoms, and can optimize the effectiveness of other treatments.

Surgery is usually followed by radiation. Often this intervention does not cure brain cancer, but it allows to control the tumor for months or years. Some types of brain cancers may respond to chemotherapy. It has a collection of different drugs for chemotherapy, and others are currently under study.

The treatment of metastatic cancers (which are spread) depends largely on their region of origin. For example, treating a lung cancer that has metastasized to the brain the same way as other lung cancers. We can handle that part of the cancer that has invaded the brain by irradiation. If metastases are confined to a region of the brain, they are sometimes removed by performing a surgical removal.

Advances in technology provide new treatment options such as using lasers and ultrasound to remove tumors. The stereotactic radiosurgery by “gamma knife” is a new technical option to surgery that uses radiant beams that are directed directly and precisely to the tumor. No need scalpel or incision. These new techniques would perhaps remove more cancerous cells and minimize damage to healthy brain tissue around the tumor, decreasing the number of neurological complications.

It is usually impossible to eliminate all cancerous brain cells. If some of them remain, the cancer may recur. It is hoped that in future, experimental treatments such as radioactive implants (implanted inside tumors) and some new forms of immune therapy or gene therapy allow for better treatment of brain cancer.

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