When there is suspicion of a renal carcinoma should be performed several tests that allow us to confirm this diagnosis, distinguishing it from other benign or malignant renal lesions. The tests may include:

- Renal ultrasound, will allow us to distinguish between cystic lesions (fluid-filled) and solid kidney.

- Scanner (TAC) is the technique of choice for both diagnosis and to study the extent of the tumor and to identify the majority of renal injuries.

- MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging is indicated especially in cases where it is suspected that the tumor may invade the renal vein and/or champagne.

- Puncture of the tumor: for study by the pathologist, the material obtained. Used in cases where the evidence cited above are misleading when studying a renal mass.

Optionally, to refine the diagnosis can request the study of cells found in urine (cytology) and the exploration of the urinary tract (pelvis, ureter and bladder), endoscopy (cystoscopy) and / or contrast radiography (excretory urography, retrograde and anterograde pyelography) based on the findings previously made.

How is kidney cancer?

Renal cell carcinoma is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, so the only curative treatment is surgery. The usual procedure is to remove the kidney and the fat around it (radical nephrectomy). However, in certain patients with small tumors, bilateral, solitary kidney, etc … can perform the lumpectomy alone, trying to preserve as much kidney tissue (partial nephrectomy).

credit to: Dr. Luis Miguel Clemente Ramos, Dr. Chris Dudley

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The most common symptoms that are associated with renal cell carcinoma are:

- Hematuria: the presence of blood in the urine, be detected only by analyzing the same (microscopic) or urine red dye so apparent (macroscopic) and may be accompanied by blood clots.

- Pain in the side.

- Presence of a palpable mass in the corresponding flank.

Less frequently may be manifested by:

- Weight Loss

- Fever

- Hypertension

- Anemia or polycythemia (excess red blood cells)

- Diabetes

- Various laboratory abnormalities.

Fortunately, the spread of ultrasound and scanner (CT) has allowed an incidental diagnosis of small renal tumors by studying other health problems, so the chances of cure are greatest. These tumors are “incidental” and represent 30-50% of kidney cancers diagnosed today.

Forecasts

There are now hopes for immune therapy (to stimulate the body’s defense system against tumor) with substances such as interleukin 2, interferon alfa, tumor-activated lymphocytes, and isolated or in combination. While the results are modest, they open a promising field. At present, used to treat the tumor when it has invaded distant structures (metastasis).

credit to: Dr. Luis Miguel Clemente Ramos, Dr. Chris Dudley

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Renal cell carcinoma is a tumor that is 3% of all adult cancers and 90% of malignant tumors that originate in the kidney. It usually affects adults between 40 and 60 years and is twice as common in men than in women. In most cases, their origin is unknown, though it has been shown a higher incidence in relation to snuff. Has not documented any definite relationship between this tumor and certain industrial products, although the exposure to substances such as thorium dioxide and cadmium have been associated with its development. It is also more common in certain diseases such as:

- Polycystic kidney disease, inherited disease that occurs in the formation of multiple cysts in the kidneys with progressive loss of function of these.

- The Von Hippel Lindau disease, hereditary disease characterized by the development of tumors in the kidneys, cerebellum, retina and pancreas, among others.

Importantly, most renal masses are benign cysts and correspond to single (‘capsule’ of liquid surrounded by a thin wall). The kidney may also be the seat of other benign tumors (renal oncocytoma, angiomyolipoma, a tumor of fat and muscle that should be large can cause internal bleeding, etc.). And malignant tumors, ie tumors affect the structures that carry urine to the bladder (ureter and renal pelvis), sarcoma, lymphoma, renal, etc.

credit to: Dr. Luis Miguel Clemente Ramos, Dr. Chris Dudley

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Many tumor or cancer types can spread to the brain, the most common are lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, certain sarcomas, testicular tumors and germ cell and many others. Some cancers only spread to the brain infrequently, such as colon cancer, and others such as prostate cancer almost never spread. Brain tumors can directly destroy brain cells may indirectly damage or inflammation, compressing other parts of the brain as the tumor grows, inducing brain swelling and causing increased intracranial pressure.

The classification of metastatic brain tumors depends on the exact location of the tumor within the brain, the type of tissue involved, original location of the tumor and other factors. Very rarely, a tumor can spread to the brain, although the original site or location of the tumor is unknown, to which is called cancer of unknown primary origin.

Metastatic brain tumors occur in about one quarter of all cancers that metastasize (spread through the body). These tumors are more common than primary brain tumors occur in approximately 10 to 30% of cancers in adults.
Symptoms

• Changes in the sensitivity of a body area
• Decreased coordination, clumsiness, falls
• Emotional instability, rapid emotional changes
• Fever (sometimes)
• General ill feeling
• Headache recent, persistent, and new to the person
• Lethargy
• Memory loss, impaired ability of discernment, calculating deficiencies
• Changes in personality
• Pupils of different size
• Seizures new for the person
• Language difficulties
• Changes in vision, double vision, reduced vision
• Vomiting with or without nausea
• Weakness in one area of the body

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