They are classified as acute and chronic leukemia, based on the level of maturation of the neoplastic population. The acute is characterized by a severe defect in maturation, leading to an accumulation of immature cells, there is no failure in the production of white blood cells differentiated.

Chronic leukemia is the contrast, defined by hyperplasia of mature elements, which tend to be relatively indolent disorders at an early stage, but then can become acute leukemia. 85% of leukemias in children are a form of lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid and 10% and 5% myeloid leukemia. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia do not arise in the pediatric series.

Affect the population at a rate of 125,000 people in the age group 0 to 14 years. The risk of leukemia in a child in the first ten years is 12,880. The peak frequency is between 2 and 5 years, and few children have lymphoid leukemia 2 years and older than 10 years.

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The treatment for leukemia will vary depending on the following factors:

* Type of leukemia and specific characteristics of leukemia cells
* Extent of disease
* Prior to whether the disease has been treated, if such type of treatment
* Age of the people and general health condition
* Nature of symptoms

Leukemia can be treated either as follows:

* Chemotherapy – helps to kill leukemia cells using strong anti-cancer drugs
* Interferon therapy – to slow the reproduction of leukemia cells and enhance the immune system
* Radiation therapy – high amounts of radiation energy is used to kill cancer cells
* Transplantation stem cell (SCT) – is done to allow treatment with high dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy
* Surgery – is done mainly in two cases, for the removal of an enlarged spleen or for the purpose of installing a venous access device (removing blood samples and giving medications)

The chances of recovery from leukemia are improving by the day, scientists and medical professionals are constantly striving to find new and more effective ways to treat this disease.

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* Frequent infections, fever, cold chills (or any other flu-like signs)
* Fatigue
* Malaise (bodily discomfort experienced)
* Excessive bruising and abnormal bleeding
* Frequent pain in bones and joints
* Loss of appetite, abdominal pain
* Weight Loss
* Node Tender or swollen lymph, liver, or spleen
* Pain in bones and joints
* Leukemia spreading to the brain can cause various disorders such as headaches, seizures, weakness, blurred vision, inability to balance, vomiting, etc.
* Shortness of breath, frequent coughing and very long, of suffocation, etc, could be caused if the leukemia T-cell (a type of lymphocytic leukemia)

How to diagnose leukemia?

There are many ways to diagnose leukemia. If a physician has some reason to suspect leukemia in one patient the diagnosis of the disease may be as follows:

Your doctor will ask medical history and conduct a through physical examination to check general health and also to verify or leukemia symptoms such as swelling in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, groin and neck. Blood tests are effective ways to diagnose the disease but does not help you find the type of leukemia. The full account of blood and blood account of the differential helps to establish the number of different blood cells and the relative proportion of cells from the blood into the bloodstream.

A hematologist, oncologist or pathologist can identify the type of leukemia a person has for bone marrow aspiration (drawing marrow of patients using needle and examined under a microscope). A bone marrow biopsy can be performed later. Farther other tests such as spinal tap (lumbar puncture), chest X-rays, etc., also help diagnose the disease.

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Major Types of Leukemia

Depending on the type of cells involved, the leukemia is categorized as Myelogenous leukemia and lymphocytic leukemia. Each has both acute and chronic stages. The main types of leukemia are:

* Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
* Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
* Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
* Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Acute lymphocytic leukemia is increasingly seen among children while acute Myelogenous leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are more common among adults.

Acute leukemia progresses rapidly especially among unformed or primitive cells that make blood cells incapable of performing normal functions. Chronic leukemia progresses otherwise permit a slower growth of a comparatively larger number of developed cells that can function normally.

What causes leukemia?

The exact cause of leukemia is yet to be known and equally rigorous research is ongoing. However, few risk factors have been identified that make individuals more prone to leukemia. Take a look at a few such risk factors:

* Exposure to large amounts of radiation
* Frequent contact with certain specific chemicals (such as benzene)
* Certain types of virus are said to cause little specific leukemia (eg, leukemia T-cell)
* Leukemia can also be caused by some genetic conditions
* Smoking is considered a common risk factor
* Certain types of cancer therapy are said to cause leukemia

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