Acne

Talking about acne and skin, is to talk about an issue, as you know acne is one of the most common infections, and concern that both men and women suffer at some point in their lives. In general, often talk about acne and skin at specific periods of hormonal change such as puberty, and menstruation and pregnancy in the woman. In any case and breaking the myth that creates the problems of acne, are unique to the young, is to clarify that acne and skin can go together and occur at any time of life.

Acne and skin

When talking about acne and skin are woven beliefs of this kind that many tend to confuse users and make it lose in the understanding of your problem. For example, it is often common to hear that the acne and skin problems are related to dietary issues. This is totally untrue, although there are certain foods that can make or enhance proliferation of acne and skin infections, this does not imply that a person eating them may cause an outbreak, or left to do is heal.

Another myth about acne and skin of great significance is that which holds that women who use cosmetics or make-ups tend to have more acne and skin problems than others. This belief is not true. What happens here is that certain cosmetic ingredients mainly mineral oil, clogged pores, and this can cause the appearance of pimples or dark spots, but does not imply or represent that its use is simple to start a skin infection acne.

Finally we found one of the most common myths when talking about acne skin problems, that means that masturbation, particularly in adolescents causes outbreaks of acne and skin. This popular belief is completely inconsistent verifiably false base. What causes skin problems of acne are hormonal imbalances or imbalances result of certain physiological changes such as adolescence stages, but have nothing to do with those behaviors.

To maintain good nutrition during multiple pregnancy is necessary to follow strict diet which includes:

* Eat calcium: It is important that pregnant women with multiple pregnancy in your diet consumed more milk or orange juice fortified with calcium, broccoli, sardines or other calcium-rich foods. A woman who is going to have more than one baby at a time, you need between 1600 and 2000 milligrams of calcium daily.
* Take folic acid: folic acid one month before and during the first three months of pregnancy helps reduce the risk of babies born with neural tube defect (such as spina bifida)
* Increase the intake of proteins: Proteins play many important functions in our body, are like the building materials used to make body tissues. This nutrient also acts as enzymes that regulate chemical reactions to ensure the growth and function of the body.
* Increase the supply of iron: Iron is important to maintain adequate levels of hemoglobin, the substance of red blood cells that delivers oxygen to tissues. Iron deficiency can cause anemia and multiple pregnancies is quite common to see such cases.

Anemia can cause loss of appetite and extreme fatigue during pregnancy, as well as an insufficient supply of oxygen to developing babies. Iron is absorbed more easily when combined with acidic foods such as yogurt and other vitamin C rich orange juice.

* You must increase the supply of nutrients such as zinc, copper and vitamins C and D. It is important to take prenatal vitamin supplements every day, but that does not mean you should take more than one dose of the supplement, with enough. An excess of vitamins can be harmful for babies.

Among the main characteristics that identify multiple pregnancies are:

* Fatigue: The feel and need to sleep as fatigue is much greater in multiple pregnancies.

* Need to urinate: The pressure on the bladder is higher therefore the need to urinate increases.

* Constipation: This discomfort is common in pregnancy because the digestive system becomes sluggish.

* Presence of anemia: In multiple pregnancies, this is caused by iron demand by the mother as babies. The lack of iron causes fatigue, lightheadedness, dizziness, tachycardia, lethargy.

* Back pain is greater due to the weight of babies.

* Presence of hypertension and edema, caused by stress or anxiety.

* The blood loss are common in multiple pregnancies, although the causes are unknown. In this situation goes to the doctor as soon as possible.

* In a multiple pregnancy, weight gain is greater. In a twin pregnancy may be increased to 14 kilos, while in one of triplets can exceed 16 kilos. It is important to a healthy diet monitored by a professional.

* Insomnia: the reconciliation of the soil is usually more difficult toward the end of multiple pregnancies, due to the weight of the belly because it is difficult to find a comfortable position to sleep.

* Presence of previous contractions: are irregular but not to be confused with the real and painful regular contractions.

A multiple pregnancy requires special care most common other pregnancies do not need. This care does not end at birth babies, as many of these countries need special care and monitoring until the baby is stable. But not to worry, as it is often very common for a baby born in multiple births need to be treated in its early days.

As you know, many multiples are born prematurely and are usually very small, lightweight and little defense. Therefore, it is sometimes necessary that must be cared for in a neonatal intensive care unit, known as the NICU, until the infant stabilizes body temperature and can eat and breathe independently. Many other babies do not depend on a special care as completely healthy at birth, needing only a small control room monitored in a special care.

A multiple birth is usually always cause for celebration, however, the first two months after a multiple birth are often the most complicated and we must be prepared. Usually, a simple delivery often requires a period of adjustment due to the routines of continuous feeding of the baby, lack of sleep, almost exclusive dedication to the baby and have to combine it with the care of household chores. In the case of multiple births, these complications are multiplied as well. It is very important collaboration for the whole family for the care and adapt to the new situation at home is as bearable as possible.

The mode of delivery in multiple pregnancy depend on the position in which they are babies in the womb. Most babies as we approach the day of his birth, are positioned upside down, creating a natural birth, but when there are more than one baby, may have different combinations, since one can be in place but the other does not, in this case there will be a cesarean.

In the case of vaginal delivery, the time between the birth of a baby and the other is usually less than an hour. In case the delivery is delayed more, the doctor must make a decision, probably the cesarean section.

At all times, the mother will be connected to a fetal monitor so the doctor can monitor the progress of each baby. In a multiple birth, babies tend to be smaller and this provides the impetus for leaving.

Like any birth, can cause problems with the umbilical cord, the position of the placenta and possible postpartum bleeding.

The most important thing is prevention, so that all pregnant women be monitored with a midwife from the beginning of her pregnancy, the examinations that you ask your doctor and be aware of warning signs and symptoms (headache, excessive weight, vision, flashing lights and upper abdominal pain). If a patient has risk factors is important that your doctor tells you drugs are useful in preventing this disease, such as calcium, fish oil and others. It is also important a balanced diet.

Treatment

It is important that the diagnosis is made by a physician and assessed by laboratory tests. The behavior depends on the type of preeclampsia:

If preeclampsia is mild treatment at home is most important thing is rest and marked diet and antihypertensive.

On the other hand if preeclampsia is severe, the patient should be hospitalized and was hypertensive and drugs should indicate that prevent it, seizures (eclampsia). Must be serial laboratory studies to evaluate the severity of the disease and to treat complications time or if possible prevent them.

Of course, we must evaluate the fetus through ultrasonography and fetal well tests.

If the fetus is mature you have to terminate the pregnancy, either normal or cesarean delivery.

If you are not there to help mature their lungs mature through medicines and then performing the abortion.

The most important thing is prevention: Make adequate prenatal care, indicate if there are medications to prevent risk factors, treat it if it already exists to prevent and complicate progress and watch for warning signs and symptoms:

High blood pressure.

Excessive weight gain in a short time.

Swelling.

Headache.

Light Vision.

Upper abdominal pain.

It is the most common medical conditions in pregnancy. May complicate eclampsia (seizures during pregnancy), HELLP syndrome (alteration in liver enzymes, low platelets and red blood cell destruction), pulmonary edema, renal failure, placental abruption, etc.

Signs – Symptoms

Preeclampsia occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is characterized by:

High blood pressure (BP ³ 140/90 mmHg)

Edema (swelling) important

Weight gain greater than expected

Neurological symptoms: Headache, vision flashing lights, upper abdominal pain, reflexes excited.

Classification

According to the severity of symptoms and signs are classified as:

Mild preeclampsia: blood pressure is between 140/90 mmHg and 159/109 mmHg, and no neurological symptoms.

Severe preeclampsia: blood pressure greater than or equal to 160/110 mmHg, and there are neurological symptoms.

Risk Factors

There are factors that make a pregnant woman to have more risks than other to develop preeclampsia. These are: to be primigravida (first pregnancy), primigravida early (less than 16 years) or years (30 years), Obesity, black race, pre-pregnancy medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease.

Preeclampsia is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple organ dysfunction hypertension, proteinuria, edema. Believed to be an endothelial disorder that results from poor perfusion of the placenta releases factors that damage the endothelium to activate the coagulation cascade or increase the sensitivity of the endothelium to pressor agents.

The cervix is the name given to the lowest part of the uterus. The uterus is an organ that only women have, and is where babies grow and develop when a woman is pregnant. During pregnancy, the uterus grows enormously. When a woman is not pregnant, the uterus is an organ small, pear-shaped which lies between the rectum and bladder of women. The cervix connects the uterus to the birth canal (vagina). The cervix can be visualized and examined by his doctor during a routine pelvic examination.

What is cancer of the cervix?

Cervical cancer develops when cells in the cervix begin to grow uncontrollably and can then invade nearby tissues or spread throughout the body. Large collections of cells that grow abnormally are called tumors. Some tumors are not really cancer because they can not spread or threaten the lives of people. These are called benign tumors. The tumors that can spread through the body or invade nearby tissues are considered cancer and are called malignant tumors. Usually the cancer of the cervix is very slow-growing but in some circumstances it can grow and spread quickly.

Cancers are characterized by cells from which they originate. The rate of cervical cancer most common is called squamous cell carcinoma. This type of cancer begins in cells that are found on the surface of the cervix, called squamous cells. The squamous cell cervical cancer constitutes about 80% of all cervical cancers. The second most common form is adenocarcinoma, which originates from the cells that form glands in the cervix. The percentage of cervical cancers are adenocarcinomas has risen since the 1970s, although nobody knows exactly why. About 3% to 5% of cervical cancers have features of both squamous and adenocarcinomas and are called adenosquamous carcinomas. There are other rare types such as carcinoma and small cell neuroendocrine are so infrequent that they will not be discussed in this article.

Am I at risk of developing cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer is more common in developing countries means that in developed countries, and is relatively rare in the United States. In the United States is expected that by the year 2002, 13,000 women develop cervical cancer and 4,100 women die of cervical cancer. This places the cervical cancer as the 12th most common cancer in women, and the 14th most common cause of death in women in the United States. However, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer causing death in countries where development path, with about 370,000 new cases annually and a 50% mortality rate. There has been a decrease in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer of 75% in the last 50 years. Most of this decrease is attributed to the institutionalization of effective screening programs in developed countries.

Although several risk factors associated with cervical cancer, no one knows exactly why it takes a woman and another woman. One of the most important risk factors for cervical cancer is infection with a virus called HPV (human papillomavirus). HPV is a sexually transmitted disease is common in the population, many men and women attending college age have been exposed to HPV. HPV is the virus that causes genital warts, but having genital warts does not necessarily mean you will get cervical cancer. There are different subtypes or strains of HPV. Only certain subtypes cause cancer, and subtypes that cause warts are unlikely to cause cancer. Frequently, the HPV infection causes no symptoms until the woman develops a pre-cancerous lesion on the cervix. It should be emphasized that only a small percentage of women who have HPV will develop cervical cancer, so simply having HPV does not mean you will get sick. However, nearly all cervical cancers show evidence of HPV, therefore, infection is a major risk factor for developing cancer of the cervix.

Because infection with a sexually transmitted disease is a risk factor for cervical cancer, any risk factors for developing sexually transmitted diseases are also risk factors for developing cervical cancer. Women who have had multiple male sexual partners, began having sex early, or have had male sexual partners at high risk (or who have had many sexual partners and / or began sexual relations at an early age) are at risk highest cervical cancer. Also, get any sexually transmitted disease (such as herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, or chlamydia) increase the risk of a woman. The HIV infection is another risk factor for cervical cancer, but may be different for another reason. It seems that any condition that weakens the immune system also increases the risk of developing cervical cancer. The conditions that weaken their immune system include HIV, have had an organ transplant, and Hodgkin’s disease. Another important risk factor for developing cervical cancer is smoking. Smokers are at least two times the risk of developing cervical cancer than nonsmokers. Smoking can also increase the importance of other risk factors for cancer. Finally, being from a low socioeconomic group seems to increase the possibility of developing and dying of cervical cancer. This can be caused by high rates of smoking, or soon because there may be other barriers to having a yearly screening. Cervical cancer is one of the few cancers that affects young women (in the 20s or even in adolescence), therefore, any woman who is sexually active is too young to start checkups for early detection. Additionally, the risk of cervical cancer never decreases, so nobody is too old to continue with the check. Remember that all risk factors are based on probabilities, and even someone with no risk factors can develop cervical cancer. An adequate screening for early detection is the best weapon to reduce the mortality associated with this disease.

How does a woman if she is pregnant? These are some signs that may occur in early pregnancy:

* Menstruation was suspended (although, especially among younger women, may take two or three months until that happens or until other symptoms).

* Your breasts swell and become more sensitive nipples darken and become larger during the preparatory process for the production of milk.

* You experience more sleep and more fatigue.

* They may feel some symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness

* Sometimes you feel increased desire to urinate.

* Dark spots can appear on the face and stomach.